Notifications
Clear all

Strategies against Antimicrobial Resistance

18 Posts
18 Users
0 Likes
497 Views
(@ashishjoshi)
Posts: 121
Reputable Member Admin
Topic starter
 

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is an occurrence in which bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve over time and cease to respond to antibiotics, making infections more difficult to cure and raising the risk of disease transmission, life-threatening sickness, and death. It is predicted that AMR related deaths will reach 10 million per year by 2050, which would even overtake cancer as the leading cause of death worldwide.

AMR is a problem with various aspects to be taken into consideration, the solution for which is multifaceted. One of the strategies that can be employed is that we must alter how they target pathogens, if we want antibiotics to continue to work. We could also come up with solutions using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and quantum computing. Overall, multi-sectoral collaboration is needed to stop AMR from becoming the next big global health threat.

Kindly share your thoughts on strategies against Antimicrobial Resistance.

Sources:
//www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
//www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/11/antimicrobial-resistance-week-the-silent-pandemic-solutions

 
Posted : November 28, 2022 5:00 pm
(@shruti-sharma)
Posts: 29
Eminent Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global challenge for public health; it impacts food security and sustainable development as well. The human body becoming resistant to antimicrobial drugs that were previously effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it more difficult to treat infections. We need to be aware of such challenges this video depicts the AMR //www.youtube.com/watchlist=PL6P3nr9Jc5IpqNcfTO69ka9758zWgLeiV&v=106_2B2CKzs&feature=youtu.be  

MRSA is one of the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 

 

 
Posted : November 29, 2022 9:18 am
(@heemanshu-aurora)
Posts: 8
Active Member
 

Surveillance is a cornerstone of global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) containment and control activities. High-quality surveillance is crucial for the estimation of AMR burden, trends over time, and the impact of interventions. Surveillance systems require efficient capture and onward sharing of high-quality laboratory data. Substantial investment is being made to improve laboratory capacity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with high disease burdens. However, building capacity for effective laboratory data management remains an under-resourced area, which, unless addressed, will limit progress toward comprehensive AMR surveillance in LMICs. 

Reference: Turner P, Rupali P, Opintan JA, Jaoko W, Feasey NA, Peacock SJ, Ashley EA. Laboratory informatics capacity for effective antimicrobial resistance surveillance in resource-limited settings. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2021 Jun 1;21(6):e170-4.

 
Posted : November 29, 2022 12:25 pm
(@mansigupta)
Posts: 18
Eminent Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance is a public health challenge with a global concern impacting both developed and developing countries. The impact is not just limited to health, it has economic and societal implications too. Click on the below mentioned paper link to read about how irrational prescription of such drugs by medical practitioners is a major problem causing a surge in AMR. This paper discusses about KAP among medical practitioners and need of training medical students regarding a rational prescription of antibiotics. 

//www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.535668/full              

 
Posted : November 29, 2022 1:43 pm
(@ranjini-a-t)
Posts: 5
Active Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon in which bacteria evolve to resist the action of drugs, rendering them ineffective. Although AMR is a naturally occurring process, and while it was thought to be under control for decades, it is now considered a threat to global health.

Among the many strategies investigated to date, combination therapies of existing antibiotics and smart antibiotic adjuvants represent one solution to the emerging AMR phenomenon. In this case, an old ineffective antibiotic agent is reactivated against the resistant strain of interest using a multi-targeted approach.

In the near future, AMR will remain one of the major threats to global health, necessitating ongoing and significant efforts at various social levels. As a result, identifying new strategies to limit or overcome the occurrence of resistant strains will be a long journey, with antibiotic adjuvants counteracting antibiotic resistances covering a large portion of the AMR fields.

 

Source:

//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6928725/

 

 
Posted : November 29, 2022 1:44 pm
(@anoja-sundar)
Posts: 25
Eminent Member
 

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a significant contributor to antimicrobial resistance worldwide and continues to be a public health threat. Annually, about half a million people fall ill with drug-resistant TB globally.

Drug resistance is a formidable obstacle to TB care and prevention globally, making it harder and longer to treat, often with poorer outcomes for patients.

People with drug-resistant TB face high economic and social costs and only 1 in 3 access quality care. Reaching the missing patients remains an important public health challenge ( //www.who.int/activities/tackling-the-drug-resistant-tb-crisis )

 

 The main drivers of antimicrobial resistance include the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials; lack of access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) for both humans and animals; poor infection and disease prevention and control in health-care facilities and farms;  poor access to quality, affordable medicines, vaccines and diagnostics; lack of awareness and knowledge; and lack of enforcement of legislation ( //www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance .   

Interlinkages between human, animal, and environmental health are better appreciated with the emergence of the One Health approach that focuses on the risks associated with animal and environmental factors ( //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6033723/ . )

The novel strategy of SWASTIIK (Safe Water and Sustainable Technology Initiative from Indian Knowledgebase)has been developed at CSIR-NCL Pune, with support from the Water Technology Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India uses the technology - hydrodynamic cavitation, which combines chemistry, biology, and chemical engineering along with natural resources in the form of natural oils and plant extracts. The process, which draws inspiration from Indian traditional knowledge, has resulted in increased efficiency and reduced cost of water treatment. The team achieved complete elimination for gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus bacteria and even AMR bacteria/ difficult opportunistic pathogenic bacteria typically in 5-10 minutes. It was observed that increased rates of disinfection using oil can drastically reduce the time of operation and consequently reduce cost as compared to other advanced treatment processes ( //pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1723594 .

 
Posted : November 29, 2022 2:46 pm
(@harpreet)
Posts: 60
Trusted Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) makes infections (caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) harder to treat, increases their risk of spread, and reduces the effectiveness of antibiotics and other antimicrobial medicine (1). The poorest households are inadvertently affected by this affecting their physical and economic health (2). To address the AMR, both human and animal health, along with innovation, surveillance and monitoring, universal access, reducing need and demand (by responsible use) should be taken into consideration (3).

References:

  1. //www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
  2. //www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/safeguarding-animal-human-and-ecosystem-health-one-health-at-the-world-bank
  3. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536193/#:~:text=4.4%20shows%20that%20an%20effective,demand%20through%20more%20responsible%20use .
 
Posted : November 30, 2022 10:46 am
(@sofiasaggu)
Posts: 18
Active Member
 

It is interesting to note the association between AMR and global poverty. It is a vicious cycle. AMR makes it difficult to eliminate poverty and vice-versa. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) will cause a rise in mortality, decreased labour and animal production, and increasing health-care expenses in economies. AMR-related deaths could exceed 10 million per year by 2050, outnumbering cancer and traffic accidents combined, while costing the global economy $60-$100 trillion in economic output. Thus for developing countries like south sudan, central African republic, Madagascar etc, fight against AMR remains a challenge. 

References:

1. Alsan M, Kammili N, Lakshmi J, Xing A, Khan A, Rani M, Kolli P, Relman DA, Owens DK. Poverty and Community-Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance with Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Organisms, Hyderabad, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Aug;24(8):1490-1496. doi: 10.3201/eid2408.171030. PMID: 30014842; PMCID: PMC6056104.

2.Ahmed, Syud Amer, Enis Barış, Delfin S. Go, Hans Lofgren, Israel Osorio-Rodarte, and Karen Thierfelder. “Assessing the Global Poverty Effects of Antimicrobial Resistance.” World Development 111 (November 2018): 148–60. //doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.06.022.

 
Posted : November 30, 2022 12:05 pm
(@chandni-sharma)
Posts: 18
Active Member
 

According to a report, India is one of the countries that are worst hit by "antimicrobial resistance". The report also mentions a government report which shows how things are getting worse by the day. The report mentioned that some tests were carried out which antibiotic would be most effective against the five main bacterial pathogens such as E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study found the rise of multidrug-resistant pathogens called Acinetobacter baumannii. Acinetobacter baumannii attacks the lungs of a patient.

An ICMR report has said that the resistance to powerful antibiotics has risen by up to 10 percent in a year. A scientist at the ICMR said, “The reason is that it is a great drug to treat sepsis [a life-threatening condition] and is sometimes used as the first line of treatment in hospitals for very sick patients in ICUs."

The ICMR report also noted that only 43 percent of pneumonia infections could be treated with the first line of antibiotics in 2021. It was 65 percent in 2016, the ICMR report says.

Another doctor from Kolkata’s AMRI Hospital "six out of 10" patients in her ICU have drug-resistant infections.  

Reference:

//www.livemint.com/news/antibioticresistance-could-pose-another-pandemic-for-india-report-11665413981467.html

 
Posted : December 1, 2022 4:36 pm
(@bhavya)
Posts: 24
Eminent Member
 

Antimicrobial Resistance is a major global public health issue, killing at least 1.27 million people worldwide and associated with nearly 5 million deaths in 2019. It has the ability to affect people at any age during their life span. 

Address this threat requires continued immediate action to:

  • Prevent infections in the first place
  • Improve antibiotic and antifungal use to slow the development of resistance
  • Stop the spread of resistance when it does develop

Everyone has a important role to address this issue, from travelers, animal owners, and caregivers to patients and healthcare providers.

Read this: //www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/actions-to-fight.html

Reference: //www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html

 
Posted : December 1, 2022 11:33 pm
(@shruti0505)
Posts: 1
New Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance has a great strain on health system . It has become a burden as it has lead to increase in hospital admissions , longer hospital stays, further creating need for longer dependance on medicine and hospital and ultimately financial burden . This uprises a big issue for people who are hardly able to manage their basic daily needs and get trapped under the expenses of hospital unknowingly the main cause of the disease the patient is suffering from. 

REFERENCE

//www.uicc.org/what-we-do/thematic-areas-work/antimicrobial-resistance-amr-and-its-impact-cancer-care

This post was modified 1 year ago by Shruti0505
 
Posted : December 5, 2022 11:30 am
(@sushmiwilson)
Posts: 18
Active Member
 

To control antibiotic resistance we need to think of new ways. One method is to tackle disease-causing bacteria selectively, without killing them. Most bacteria don't need to cause disease to survive, so if our treatments aren't designed to kill them then the selection for resistant mutants will be weak – meaning they can continue to live while causing us no harm. Alternatively, we could target the genes bacteria require to cause disease, making them harmless without interfering with bacterial growth.

 

Reference: //www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/11/antimicrobial-resistance-week-the-silent-pandemic-solutions

 
Posted : December 5, 2022 2:35 pm
(@ashruti-bhatt)
Posts: 74
Trusted Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance popularly known as AMR occurs when germs such as bacteria and fungi develop the ability to resist drugs that are designed to kill them. This means that the germs are not killed and can continue to multiply. Treatment of resistant infections can be difficult, if not impossible.

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global public health concern, killing at least 1.27 million people and causing nearly 5 million deaths in 2019. Every year, more than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occur in the United States. According to the CDC's 2019 Antibiotic Resistance (AR) Threats Report, more than 35,000 people die as a result. Read more: //www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html

 
Posted : December 6, 2022 12:06 pm
(@priya)
Posts: 12
Active Member
 

ESKAPE stands for six nosocomial pathogens.These exhibit multidrug antimicrobial resistance. The pathogens are

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus,

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.

The review suggests alternative therapies for treatment  to reduce antimicrobial  resistance for these pathogens. 

This review found effectiveness of combinatrol  approach of treatment. 

//www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00539/full

 

 

 
Posted : December 6, 2022 5:10 pm
(@almas)
Posts: 3
New Member
 

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can also spread among various hosts and environment, and these resistant microorganisms can contaminate the food chain, and move between humans, animals and environment, making it a problem that crosses sectoral boundaries. Every time the antimicrobials are used in humans, plants and animals, microorganisms have a chance to develop ability to tolerate treatments, making drugs ineffective over time.

AMR is a major global threat with increasing concern. It also has implications for food security, food safety, and economic wellbeing of farming households.

FAO’s 39th Conference (June 2015) adopted Resolution 4/2015 on Antimicrobial Resistance, which recognized that it poses a serious threat to public health and the sustainable food production. Also, that an effective response should have involvement of all sectors of government and society.

It urges “increased political awareness, engagement, and leadership to ensure continued access to antimicrobial drugs through the prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in agriculture."

References:

//www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/background/what-is-it/en/

//www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/background/fao-role/en/

 
Posted : December 7, 2022 11:04 am
Page 1 / 2
Share:
Go to Top