Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome

In India, insulin resistance and MetS are widely prevalent. Studies have reported that in urban Indian populations, the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be overall approximately 25% (approximately 31% in women and 18.5% in men). There is an escalating age-related prevalence in both men and women.

Most NCD deaths occur in low and middle-income countries such as India, which is undergoing an epidemiological health transition owing to rapid urbanization, which has led to an overall economic rise, but with certain associated risk factors. India, a populous country of about 1.3 billion, contributes to more than 2/3rd of the total deaths due to NCDs in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR) of WHO (WHO, 2014; United Nations Statistics Division). As per the 2011 report on NCD status in SEAR, raised BP, raised blood glucose and tobacco use were the three major risk factors responsible for the majority of deaths annually in this region. 

Source: 1.  //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5648412/

2. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6994803/

Metabolic syndrome is classified as ICD 10 E88. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is high in Asian Indian children who are undergoing nutritional and lifestyle transitions rapidly.( //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6063189/)

According to National Family Health Survey – 4 (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015–16, the prevalence of overweight or obesity among adolescents aged 15 to 19 years was reported to be 4.2%, a significant increase from the previous round.The study highlighted that the prevalence was not increasing just among adolescents from the higher socio-economic strata but also among the lower income groups where undernutrition continues to be a major public health issue. Studies indicate that children and adolescents with MS have an increased risk of MS as adults, increasing their risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease later in life.The prevalence of MS varies by definition. A systematic review among adolescents in low to medium-income countries reported a prevalence ranging from 4.2%–15.4% among studies that used the National Cholesterol Education Program and Adult Treatment Panel III  criteria; and 4.5%–38.7% in studies where the WHO criteria was used //bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-01163-8#:~:text=Results,among%20males%20(5.7%25%20vs. .

//bmcendocrdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12902-022-01163-8/figures/2

The metabolic syndrome is defined as the presence of several known cardiovascular risk factors, such as insulin resistance, obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension. These conditions are linked by underlying mediators, mechanisms, and pathways. They attempted to provide a comprehensive definition for the metabolic syndrome and identify its key features in this research article in order to facilitate research into its causes, leading to new insights into pharmacologic and lifestyle treatment approaches.

Reference

//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2675814/

@bhavya interesting view points. 

I think the fact that the contribution of NCD deaths in India is high because of its poor ecomonic conditions, access and consumption of high carbohydrate foods. Would you agree?

Non communicable diseases have become one of the prominent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This review article describes the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult Indian population. They highlight that one in three Indians have metabolic syndrome with higher prevalence among females, urban dwellers, and populations of NE India.

Read more at: //journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?type=printable&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0240971

The metabolic syndrome is more common in city dwellers than in rural residents. People in higher wealth quintiles are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome. This could be due to their sedentary lifestyle. Prevention, early detection of metabolic risk factors, and treatment should be prioritized. Healthy living promotion and education about the risks associated with sedentary lifestyles should be part of the management strategy for people with or at risk of metabolic syndrome and its components.

Reference: //cegh.net/action/showPdf?pii=S2213-3984%2820%2930085-3

Metabolic syndrome is the medical term for a combination of diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity.  In a more refined way, we can say A condition marked by "extra fat" around the abdomen, "high levels of blood glucose" (sugar) when not eating, "high levels of triglycerides" (a type of fat) in the blood, "low levels of high-density lipoproteins" (a type of protein that carries fats) in the blood, and high blood pressure which results in life-threatening diseases. And the irony is most of these disorders associated with metabolic syndrome don't have obvious signs or symptoms.

The world-wide prevalence is on the increase, with the overall global prevalence estimated to be 20%–25% of the adult population. In India, various epidemiological studies undertaken across the country have consistently shown a high prevalence, which is likely to be as much as one-quarter of the adult population, with increasing age and female gender being at higher risk.

Sources: //www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377123719301297?via%3Dihub

The effects of metabolic syndrome on a person's health and medical expenses are significant. There are growing evidence that links disruptions in circadian rhythm to the metabolic syndrome. 'Circadian Syndrome' was coined as a result of recent studies that suggested circadian disruption may be a significant underlying etiological component for the metabolic syndrome.  With the increased recognition of the Circadian Syndrome timing of exercise, light exposure, food consumption, dispensing of medications and sleep, are likely to play a much greater role in the maintenance of both individual and population health in the future.

//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31081577/